This singular event resulted in the word luhur being added to the name of the temple-luhur comes from the verb ngeluhur, meaning `to go up`, a reference to the apotheosis of Nirartha. The Temple Pura Uluwatu is built from dark grey coral stone which is much harder and more durable than the volcanic tuff which is normally used for most Balinese temples. This has meant that the stone sculptures and decorative elements are better preserved here then in the case of order ancient sites. It is difficult, however, to put a precise date to the existing structures because the temple had been renovated and rebuilt many times in the course of its long history. At the very beginning of this century, part of the temple collapsed into the sea which required substantial reparations, while the most recent restoration work was carried out in the 1980s. The three candi bentar gateways at Pura Uluwatu are unusual in that the upper portions have been sculpted in the shape of wings-the Balinese themselves refer to this type of candi bentar as `winged` (bersayap). The oldest of the three candi bentar, which leads into the central courtyard, is also incised with stylized flying birds which one scholar has identified as a Balinese ``version of the Chinese phonix``. Exotic influences notwithstanding, the principal motif ornamenting all three candi bentar and the kori agung gateway leading into the inner sanctum, is quintessentially Balinese, namely the head of bhoma.